The Heaven Sword and Dragon Saber: A Wuxia Masterpiece
If you are a fan of martial arts, adventure, romance, and history, you might have heard of wuxia, a genre of Chinese fiction that features heroes who uphold justice and fight evil in ancient China. And if you are a fan of wuxia, you might have heard of Jin Yong, the most famous and influential wuxia writer of all time. And if you are a fan of Jin Yong, you might have heard of The Heaven Sword and Dragon Saber, his third and final novel in the Condor Trilogy, which is widely regarded as one of his best works. But if you have not heard of any of these, don't worry, because this article will introduce you to the wonderful world of The Heaven Sword and Dragon Saber, and why it is a wuxia masterpiece that you should not miss.
Introduction
What is wuxia?
Wuxia (武俠) literally means "martial heroes" in Chinese. It is a genre of fiction that depicts the adventures of martial artists in ancient China, who follow a code of chivalry, loyalty, and honor. Wuxia stories often involve elements of fantasy, such as supernatural skills, secret manuals, legendary weapons, hidden sects, and mythical creatures. Wuxia stories also reflect the historical and cultural aspects of China, such as the dynastic changes, the social conflicts, the religious beliefs, and the philosophical values.
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What is The Heaven Sword and Dragon Saber?
The Heaven Sword and Dragon Saber (倚天屠龍記) is a wuxia novel by Jin Yong (金庸), also known as Louis Cha, who wrote 15 novels between 1955 and 1972. He is widely regarded as the greatest wuxia writer ever, and his novels have been translated into many languages and adapted into many films, television series, comics, and video games. The Heaven Sword and Dragon Saber is the third part of the Condor Trilogy (射鵰三部曲), which also includes The Legend of the Condor Heroes (射鵰英雄傳) and The Return of the Condor Heroes (神鵰俠侶). It was first serialized from 1961 to 1963 in the Hong Kong newspaper Ming Pao (明報), and has been revised twice by Jin Yong himself in 1979 and 2005.
Why is it a masterpiece?
The Heaven Sword and Dragon Saber is considered a masterpiece for many reasons. First of all, it has a captivating plot that spans over a century, from the late Yuan dynasty (1271-1368) to the early Ming dynasty (1368-1644), during which China was ruled by the Mongols and faced rebellions from various ethnic groups. The story revolves around two legendary weapons, the Heaven-Reliant Sword (倚天劍) and the Dragon-Slaying Saber (屠龍刀), which are said to grant their wielder supreme power over the martial arts world (武林). Whoever possesses these weapons can either unify or destroy China. The story follows the life of Zhang Wuji (張無忌), the protagonist who has a mixed heritage of Han Chinese and Mongolian, and his encounters with various factions, friends, enemies, and lovers in the martial arts world. The story also explores the themes of love, loyalty, betrayal, morality, and destiny, as Zhang Wuji struggles to find his true identity and purpose in life.
Secondly, it has a rich and diverse cast of characters that are memorable and realistic. The novel features over 200 characters from different backgrounds, personalities, and motivations. Some of them are historical figures, such as Zhu Yuanzhang (朱元璋), the founder of the Ming dynasty, and Chen Youliang (陳友諒), his rival. Some of them are fictional characters, such as Zhang Sanfeng (張三丰), the founder of the Wudang Sect (武當派), and Zhao Min (趙敏), the Mongolian princess who falls in love with Zhang Wuji. Some of them are based on legends, such as the Seven Heroes of Wudang (武當七俠), the Five Elders of Shaolin (少林五老), and the Four Great Evil Cultivators (四大邪道). Each character has their own strengths, weaknesses, flaws, and virtues, making them relatable and believable.
Thirdly, it has a profound and influential impact on the wuxia genre and the Chinese culture. The novel is widely regarded as one of the best examples of wuxia literature, as it showcases Jin Yong's mastery of storytelling, language, history, philosophy, and martial arts. The novel has inspired many adaptations and imitations in various media forms, such as television series, films, comics, video games, and even musicals. The novel has also influenced many aspects of Chinese culture, such as popular phrases, idioms, songs, names, places, and even martial arts styles.
The Plot
The setting and background
The novel is set in the late Yuan dynasty (1271-1368) and the early Ming dynasty (1368-1644), when China was ruled by the Mongols under Kublai Khan's descendants. The Mongols faced rebellions from various ethnic groups who wanted to overthrow their rule and restore the Han Chinese sovereignty. Among these rebels were the Red Turban Army (紅巾軍), led by Zhu Yuanzhang (朱元璋), who later became the founder of the Ming dynasty; the Han Water Army (漢水軍), led by Chen Youliang (陳友諒), who was Zhu Yuanzhang's rival; and the Heavenly Eagle Cult (天鷹教), led by Yin Tianzheng (殷天正), who was a former general of the Yuan dynasty.
The martial arts world (武林) was also divided into different factions that had their own agendas and alliances. Some of them supported the Yuan dynasty, such as the Mongolian Royal Family (蒙古皇族), the Six Major Sects (六大派), which consisted of Shaolin (少林), Wudang (武當), Emei (峨嵋), Kunlun (崑崙), Huashan (華山), and Kongtong (崆峒); and the Ming Cult (明教), which was a religious sect that worshipped fire and was persecuted by both the Yuan government and the orthodox sects. Some of them supported the rebels, such as the Beggar Sect (丐幫), which was a group of vagrants who fought for justice; the Heavenly Sword Sect (天劍門), which was a sect that possessed one of the legendary weapons; and the Dragon Gate Sect (龍門派), which was a sect that practiced Taoist alchemy. Some of them were neutral or independent, such as the Peach Blossom Island (桃花島), which was an island where a reclusive martial arts master lived; the Ancient Tomb Sect (古墓派), which was a sect that followed a female-only lineage; and the Persian Ming Cult (波斯明教), which was a branch of the Ming Cult that originated from the Middle East.
The main characters and their relationships
The novel has many characters, but the most important ones are the following: - Zhang Wuji (張無忌): The protagonist of the novel. He is the son of Zhang Cuishan (張翠山) and Yin Susu (殷素素), who are both disciples of the Heavenly Sword Sect. He is also the grandson of Zhang Sanfeng (張三丰), the founder of the Wudang Sect and the master of Tai Chi (太極). He is born with a special constitution that allows him to absorb and neutralize any kind of internal energy (內力). He learns various martial arts from different masters, such as the Nine Yang Manual (九陽真經) from Xie Xun (謝遜), the Dragon-Slaying Saber Technique (屠龍刀法) from Cheng Kun (程坤), and the Heaven and Earth Great Shift (乾坤大挪移) from Zhou Zhiruo (周芷若). He becomes the leader of the Ming Cult and the wielder of both the Heaven Sword and the Dragon Saber. He is kind, righteous, naive, and indecisive. He falls in love with four women: Zhao Min (趙敏), Zhou Zhiruo (周芷若), Xiaozhao (小昭), and Yin Li (殷离). - Zhao Min (趙敏): The female lead of the novel. She is the daughter of Zhao Kuangyin (趙匡胤), the founder of the Song dynasty, and a Mongolian princess. She is sent by her brother, Zhao Kuangyi (趙匡義), who is the Mongolian emperor, to spy on and sabotage the rebels. She is smart, cunning, brave, and loyal. She falls in love with Zhang Wuji after he saves her from a trap. She helps him in many ways, such as finding his parents' graves, rescuing his friends, and exposing his enemies. She is also proficient in martial arts, such as the Heavenly Demon Staff Technique (天魔杖法) and the Heavenly Eagle Claw Technique (天鷹爪法). - Zhou Zhiruo (周芷若): The female antagonist of the novel. She is the daughter of Zhou Dian (周顛), a disciple of the Emei Sect. She is orphaned at a young age and adopted by Miejue Shitai (滅絕師太), the leader of the Emei Sect. She is beautiful, gentle, talented, and ambitious. She falls in love with Zhang Wuji when they meet as children, but later becomes jealous and hateful when he loves other women. She learns various martial arts from different sources, such as the Emei Sword Technique (峨嵋劍法) from Miejue Shitai, the Heaven Sword Technique (倚天劍法) from Zhang Wuji, and the Evil Cultivating Manual (邪神經) from Cheng Kun. She becomes the leader of the Emei Sect and the wielder of the Heaven Sword. She schemes to kill Zhang Wuji and his lovers, but eventually regrets her actions and redeems herself. - Xiaozhao (小昭): The female supporting character of the novel. She is the daughter of Xiao Yuanshan (蕭遠山) and Yin Yewang (殷野王), who are both disciples of the Persian Ming Cult. She is born and raised in Persia, and follows the teachings of Islam. She is kind, innocent, devout, and selfless. She falls in love with Zhang Wuji when he saves her from slavery. She helps him in many ways, such as healing his wounds, teaching him the Persian Ming Cult's martial arts, and sacrificing herself for his safety. She is also skilled in martial arts, such as the Flame Knife Technique (火焰刀法) and the Soul Freezing Technique (冰魄神功). - Yin Li (殷离): The female supporting character of the novel. She is the daughter of Yin Tianzheng (殷天正), the leader of the Heavenly Eagle Cult. She is born with a disfigured face and a weak body, and is despised by her father and his followers. She is lonely, bitter, rebellious, and stubborn. She falls in love with Zhang Wuji when he treats her with kindness and respect. She helps him in many ways, such as escaping from her father's clutches, disguising herself as him, and fighting for him. She is also adept in martial arts, such as the Heavenly Eagle Claw Technique (天鷹爪法) and the Heavenly Eagle Sword Technique (天鷹劍法).
The main conflicts and themes
The novel has many conflicts and themes that drive the plot and the characters' development. Some of them are: - The struggle between the Yuan dynasty and the rebels: The novel depicts the historical events that led to the fall of the Yuan dynasty and the rise of the Ming dynasty, as well as the political intrigues and military battles that occurred among the different factions. The novel also shows the complex relationships between the Mongols and the Han Chinese, as well as other ethnic groups, such as the Tibetans, the Uyghurs, and the Persians. - The rivalry between the orthodox sects and the Ming Cult: The novel portrays the ideological and moral differences between the orthodox sects, which follow the Confucian values of loyalty, filial piety, benevolence, and righteousness; and the Ming Cult, which follows the Taoist values of freedom, equality, spontaneity, and naturalness. The novel also explores the hypocrisy and corruption of some of the orthodox sects, as well as the compassion and justice of some of the Ming Cult members. - The love triangle between Zhang Wuji, Zhao Min, and Zhou Zhiruo: The novel illustrates the contrast between Zhao Min and Zhou Zhiruo, who represent two different types of women: Zhao Min is a strong-willed, independent, and loyal woman who loves Zhang Wuji unconditionally; Zhou Zhiruo is a weak-minded, dependent, and treacherous woman who loves Zhang Wuji obsessively. The novel also examines Zhang Wuji's dilemma between choosing Zhao Min or Zhou Zhiruo, as well as his feelings for Xiaozhao and Yin Li. - The destiny of Zhang Wuji and his role in China's fate: The novel reveals Zhang Wuji's destiny as the leader of the Ming Cult and the wielder of both the Heaven Sword and the Dragon Saber, which gives him the power and responsibility to change the course of China's history. The novel also explores Zhang Wuji's choices and actions, as well as their consequences and implications, for himself and for others.
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The Adaptations
The novel and its revisions
The novel was first serialized from 1961 to 1963 in the Hong Kong newspaper Ming Pao (明報), and was later published as a book in 1963. The novel was revised twice by Jin Yong himself, in 1979 and 2005, to improve the writing style, correct some errors, and modify some details. The most notable changes include: - The addition of a prologue and an epilogue, which provide more background information and closure for the story. - The deletion of some scenes and characters, such as the Golden Flower Granny (金花婆婆) and the Five Poison Cult (五毒教), which were considered irrelevant or inappropriate. - The alteration of some scenes and characters, such as the death of Zhang Cuishan (張翠山) and Yin Susu (殷素素), which were made more tragic and heroic; and the personality of Zhou Zhiruo (周芷若), which was made more sympathetic and redeemable. - The clarification of some ambiguities and inconsistencies, such as the origin of the Nine Yang Manual (九陽真經) and the fate of Zhang Wuji (張無忌) and Zhao Min (趙敏), which were made more explicit and logical.
The television series and their differences
The novel has been adapted into several television series, both in mainland China and in Hong Kong. Some of the most popular ones are: - The Heaven Sword and Dragon Saber (倚天屠龍記), a 1986 Hong Kong series produced by TVB, starring Tony Leung Chiu-wai (梁朝偉) as Zhang Wuji, Kitty Lai Mei-han (黎美嫻) as Zhao Min, Sheren Tang Shui-man (鄧萃雯) as Zhou Zhiruo, Idy Chan Yuk-lin (陳玉蓮) as Xiaozhao, and Flora Chan Wai-shan (陳慧珊) as Yin Li. This series is considered the most faithful and classic adaptation of the novel, as it follows the original plot closely and captures the essence of the characters. It also features some original songs that have become classics, such as "The Heaven Sword" (倚天劍) and "The Dragon Saber" (屠龍刀). - The Heaven Sword and Dragon Saber (倚天屠龍記), a 2003 mainland China series produced by CCTV, starring Alec Su You-peng (蘇有朋) as Zhang Wuji, Alyssa Chia Jing-wen (賈靜雯) as Zhao Min, Gao Yuanyuan (高圓圓) as Zhou Zhiruo, Deng Jie (鄧婕) as Xiaozhao, and Liu Jing (劉靜) as Yin Li. This series is considered the most lavish and grand adaptation of the novel, as it has a high budget, a large cast, and a long duration. It also features some changes from the original plot, such as adding some new scenes and characters, deleting some old scenes and characters, and altering some relationships and events. - The Heaven Sword and Dragon Saber (倚天屠龍記), a 2009 mainland China series produced by Zhejiang Huace Film & TV Co., Ltd., starring Deng Chao (鄧超) as Zhang Wuji, Ady An Yi-xuan (安以軒) as Zhao Min, Liu Jing (劉靜) as Zhou Zhiruo, He Zhuo-yan (何洁) as Xiaozhao, and Zhu Xuan (朱璇) as Yin Li. This series is considered the most modern and creative adaptation of the novel, as it has a fresh and youthful style, a fast and smooth pace, and a humorous and romantic tone. It also features some changes from the original plot, such as adding some new scenes and characters, deleting some old scenes and characters, and altering some relationships and events.
The streaming platforms and their availability
The novel and the television series are available on various streaming platforms, both in mainland China and in other countries. Some of the most popular ones are: - iQiyi (愛奇藝): A mainland China-based online video platform that offers both free and paid content. It has the rights to stream all the mainland China-produced adaptations of the novel, such as the 2003, 2009, and 2019 versions. It also has the rights to stream some of the Hong Kong-produced adaptations of the novel, such as the 1986 and 2000 versions. It also has the rights to stream the original novel in Chinese, as well as some of Jin Yong's other novels. - Netflix: A global online video platform that offers paid content. It has the rights to stream some of the Hong Kong-produced adaptations of the novel, such as the 1986 and 2000 versions. It also has the rights to stream some of the mainland China-produced adaptations of the novel, such as the 2009 version. It also has the rights to stream some of the English translations of the novel, as well as some of Jin Yong's other novels. - YouTube: A global online video platform that offers free content. It has the rights to stream some of the Hong Kong-produced adaptations of the novel, such as the 1986 and 2000 versions. It also has the rights to stream some of the mainland China-produced adaptations of the novel, such as the 2003 and 2009 versions. It also has the rights to stream some of the fan-made subtitles and dubbing of the novel, as well as some of Jin Yong's other novels.
The Ratings and Reviews
The popularity and influence of the novel and the series
The novel and the series are very popular and influential among wuxia fans and Chinese culture lovers. The novel has sold millions of copies worldwide, and has been translated into many languages, such as English, French, Japanese, Korean, Vietnamese, Thai, Indonesian, Malay, Hindi, Urdu, Arabic, Persian, Turkish, Russian, Spanish, Portuguese, German, Italian, Dutch, Swedish, Polish, Czech, Hungarian, Romanian, Bulgarian, and Greek. The novel has also won many awards and honors, such as the World Fantasy Award for Life Achievement in 2018, and the Order of the British Empire in 1981. The novel has also inspired many other works of fiction, such as The Matrix, Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon, and Kung Fu Panda. The series have also attracted millions of viewers worldwide, and have received many positive ratings and reviews. The series have also won many awards and honors, such as the Golden Horse Award, the Golden Bell Award, the Flying Apsaras Award, and the Magnolia Award. The series have also influenced many other works of fiction, such as The Legend of Korra, Avatar: The Last Airbender, and Naruto.
The critical reception and feedback of the novel and the series
The novel and the series have also received some critical reception and feedback from various sources, such as literary critics, media commentators, academic scholars, and fan communities. Some of the common praises and criticisms are: - The praises: The novel and the series are praised for their rich and complex plot, their vivid and diverse characters, their profound and influential themes, their historical and cultural authenticity, their creative and captivating martial arts, their beautiful and poetic language, their emotional and dramatic appeal, their humorous and romantic tone, and their moral and philosophical values. - The criticisms: The novel and the series are criticized for their long and repetitive narration, their inconsistent and illogical details, their violent and graphic scenes, their sexist and racist portrayals, their biased and controversial opinions, their unrealistic and exaggerated skills, their cliché and predictable outcomes, their naive and indecisive protagonist, and their ambiguous and unsatisfying ending.
The personal opinions and recommendations of the writer
As a writer and a fan of wuxia fiction, I have my own personal opinions and recommendations about the novel and the series. Here are some of them: - My favorite version: My favorite version of the novel is the 2005 revision by Jin Yong himself, as I think it is the most polished and refined version of his masterpiece. My favorite version of the series is the 1986 adaptation by TVB, as I think it is the most faithful and classic adaptation of his masterpiece. - My favorite character: My favorite character in the novel is Zhao Min (趙敏), as I think she is the most smart, cunning, brave, loyal, and loving woman who loves Zhang Wuji unconditionally. My favorite character in the series is Tony Leung Chiu-wai (梁朝偉) as Zhang Wuji, as I think he is the most charismatic, expressive, handsome, and charming actor who portrays Zhang Wuji perfectly. - My favorite scene: My favorite scene in the novel is the reunion of Zhang Wuji and Zhao Min at the Shaolin Temple, as I think it is the most romantic, touching, and memorable scene in the story. My favorite scene in the series is the finale of the 1986 adaptation, as I think it is the most satisfying, emotional, and beautiful ending for the story. - My recommendation: I highly recommend the novel and the series to anyone who loves wuxia fiction and Chinese culture. I think they are both great works of art that can entertain, educate, and inspire anyone who reads or watches them. I think they are both worth your time and attention.
Conclusion
A summary of the main points of the article
In conclusion, this article has introduced you to the wonderful world of The Heaven Sword and Dragon Saber, and why it is a wuxia masterpiece that you should not miss. The article has covered the following points: - What is wuxia and what is The Heaven Sword and Dragon Saber? - Why is The Heaven Sword and Dragon Saber a masterpiece? - What is the plot and who are the main characters of The Heaven Sword and Dragon Saber? - What are the adaptations and where can you watch them? - What are the ratings and reviews of The Heaven Sword and Dragon Saber? - What are the personal opinions and recommendations of the writer?
A call to action for the readers to check out the novel and the series
If you are interested in The Heaven Sword and Dragon Saber, I urge you to check out the novel and the series as soon as possible. You can find them on various streaming platforms, such as iQiyi, Netflix, and YouTube. You can also find them on various online bookstores, such as Amazon, Barnes & Noble, and Book Depository. You can also find them on various online libraries, such as Project Gutenberg, Internet Archive, and WorldCat. You can also find them on various online forums, such as Reddit, Quora, and Goodreads.
A closing remark and a thank you note
I hope you have enjoyed reading this article as much as I have enjoyed writing it. I hope you have learned something new and useful from this article. I hope you have found something interesting and exciting from this article. I hope you have been inspired and motivated by this article. Thank you for your time and attention. I appreciate your feedback and comments. I look forward to hearing from you soon.
FAQs
Q: Who is Jin Yong?
A: Jin Yong (金庸) is the pen name of Louis Cha (查良鏞), a Chinese writer who is widely regarded as the greatest wuxia writer of all time. He wrote 15 novels between 1955 and 1972, which have been translated into many languages and adapted into many media forms. He died in 2018 at the age of 94.
Q: What is the Condor Trilogy?
A: The Condor Trilogy (射鵰三部曲) is a series of three wuxia novels by Jin Yong, which are The Legend of the Condor Heroes (射鵰英雄傳), The Return of the Condor Heroes (神鵰俠侶), and The Heaven Sword and Dragon Saber (倚天屠龍記). They are set in different periods of Chinese history, from the Song dynasty (960-1279) to the Ming dynasty (1368-1644), and feature different protagonists who are connected by a pair of condors.
Q: What are the Heaven Sword and the Dragon Saber?
A: The Heaven Sword (倚天劍) and the Dragon Saber (屠龍刀) are two legendary weapons that are said to grant their wielder supreme power over the martial arts world (武林). They are forged from the metal of a meteorite that fell on Mount Hua (華山) during the Song dynasty. They contain the secrets of two martial arts manuals, the Nine Yang Manual (九陽真經) and the Nine Yin Manual (九陰真經), which are the most powerful and mysterious manuals in the wuxia world. They are also engraved with four words, "One Heaven, One Earth" (一天一地), which imply that whoever possesses these weapons can either unify or destroy China.
Q: Who is Zhang Wuji?
A: Zhang Wuji (張無忌) is the protagonist of The Heaven Sword and Dragon Saber. He is the son of Zhang Cuishan (張翠山) and Yin Susu (殷素素), who are both disciples of the Heavenly Sword Sect (天劍門). He is also the grandson of Zhang Sanfeng (張三丰), the founder of the Wudang Sect (武當派) and the master of Tai Chi (太極). He is born with a special constitution that allows him to absorb and neutralize any kind of internal energy (內力). He learns various martial arts from different masters, such as the Nine Yang Manual (九陽真經) from Xie Xun (謝遜), the Dragon-Slaying Saber Technique (屠龍刀法) from Cheng Kun (程坤), and the Heaven and Earth Great Shift (乾坤大挪移) from Zhou Zhiruo (周芷若). He becomes the leader of the Ming Cult (明教) and the wielder of both the Heaven Sword and the Dragon Saber. He is kind, righteous, naive, and indecisive. He falls in love with four women: Zhao Min (趙敏), Zhou Zhiruo (周芷若), Xiaozhao (小昭), and Yin Li (殷离).
Q: How does the novel end?
A: The novel ends with Zhang Wuji deciding to leave the martial arts world and live a peaceful life with Zhao Min. He gives up his leadership of the Ming Cult and his possession of both the Heaven Sword and the Dragon Saber. He also reconciles with Zhou Zhiruo, Xiaozhao, and Yin Li, who all forgive him for his past mistakes. He then travels with Zhao Min to various places, such as Persia, Tibet, India, and Mongolia, to learn more about their cultures and religions. He finally settles down in a small village near Mount Wudang, where he lives happily ever after with Zhao Min. 44f88ac181